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- Multiple myeloma produces many complications that require close medical attention and management.
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- • Hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium level) This occurs in almost one-third of all patients and should be
- suspected if symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, excessive thirst, increased urine,
- constipation, weakness, change in mental alertness or confusion develop. Treatment is urgent because kidney
- failure is common. Therapy with intravenous fluids and prednisone is usually effective, but if it isn't there are a
- variety of other effective agents such as the diphosphonates.
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- • Infections Bacterial infections may occur and must be diagnosed and treated promptly with appropriate
- antibiotics. All patients should receive pneumococcal vaccine and influenza immunizations. Prophylactic
- penicillin or intravenous gamma globulin should be considered for those with serious recurrent bacterial
- infections.
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